Dr. James Whitfield

History

Weekly With Whitfield – Fear

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Fear paralyzes us. Its jagged edges pierce deep into our soul, shredding the delicate threads of empathy, compassion, and kindness that bind us. As it plunges deeper and deeper, it deposits layer upon layer of hatred, suspicion, and division. It’s easy to think that fear is doing something new in our current climate. But over the course of history, fear has been used to justify so many atrocities. From war, to oppression, to subjugation – our propensity to buy into false narratives – stoked by fear leaves us wounded, paralyzed, and divided.

Fear and The Brain

Those who deal in fear know exactly what they’re doing. Fear sells. It motivates (albeit so many times for the wrong reasons). Fear raises money. Our brains are ripe to be played over and over again by swindlers willing to play the hand of fear. 

Our amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that plays a critical role in how we process fear and emotion. It’s responsible for activating our body’s fight-or-flight response when there’s a perceived threat. While this can, most definitely, be beneficial in certain situations, like avoiding danger, it can also hamper our ability to learn or think rationally. 

When the amygdala is activated, it can override the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for our decision-making and rational thinking. Once the amygdala is hijacked, impulsivity and irrational behavior are soon to follow. And this hinders our ability to think critically, learn, and make informed decisions. We literally have a bunch of folks walking around each day with hijacked amygdalas – and those who wield the power of fear love it!

Many politicians understand this, all too well. They hope to keep people afraid of something. At every turn, they bring forth another bogeyman to fear. And, all the while, they offer no real solutions to those who are afraid. An endless cycle – craft a monster, repeat how dangerous the monster is, argue, grandstand, divide, do nothing, and laugh all the way to the bank. It’s exhausting and I know it can lead to apathy and hopelessness. 

However, I encourage us all to lean into the understanding that while these may seem like the darkest, most divisive of days – all hope is not lost. As with most things that plague our society, we must understand the historical context of fear and learn from past moments where we allowed it to consume our values, morals, and ideals for our great country.

Those Who Don’t Know Their History

Throughout our history, fear has been used as a tool to divide people and maintain control. From the earliest days of colonization, fear was used to subjugate and brutalize Indigenous Peoples, justifying the violent conquest of their lands and resources. Enslavers also recognized the power of fear in maintaining their control over enslaved people, relying on brutal punishments and the threat of violence to instill fear and prevent rebellion. Fear was also used to divide and conquer the enslaved population, creating a climate of mistrust and suspicion that lasted for generations.

In the 20th century, fear was used to strip Japanese Americans of their rights and force them into internment camps, based solely on the bigotry and fear-mongering of those in power. Similarly, fear of communism was used to justify McCarthyism and the persecution of anyone suspected of being a communist sympathizer, creating a culture of suspicion and paranoia that tore families and communities apart. Throughout history, fear has been weaponized to justify some of the most heinous violations of civil liberties, betraying the very principles of freedom and justice that America is supposed to stand for.

Fear-Based Politics Today

The power of fear is an insidious force that has the ability to divide even the most united of people. Today, politicians and special interest groups have wielded this weapon with ruthless efficiency, using it to turn us against each other and create animosity and distrust.

Politicians demonize their opponents, painting them as enemies of the people or threats to national security. This tactic has become all too common, with both sides of the political aisle resorting to it in an attempt to maintain power. The result has been an ever- widening gulf in American politics. As people become more entrenched in their beliefs they become less willing to listen to opposing viewpoints.

Similarly, interest groups employ this tactic, often by exploiting hot-button issues such as gun control, abortion, LGBTQ+ rights, and red-herrings about public schools. By stoking the embers of fear while demonizing those who hold opposing views, these groups are able to create a rift between people who may have otherwise found common ground.

The consequences for falling for these tactics are dire. It breeds a poisonous environment that devalues cooperation, negotiation, and consensus as weaknesses, instead of recognizing them as necessary tools for us to move forward. This mentality fuels a divisive culture that sees individuals on opposite ends of the political spectrum as adversaries, rather than fellow citizens with diverse and valuable perspectives. Additionally, this approach undermines the bedrock foundations of our democracy, which hinges on the capacity of individuals with differing opinions to unite and develop effective solutions for the challenges confronting our nation.

Overcoming Fear

 Here are a few thoughts to help overcome the destructive power of fear-mongering:

  • Education: Education is a powerful tool that can help combat fear. By educating ourselves about different cultures, beliefs, and lifestyles, we can overcome our fears, biases, and prejudices. 
  • Dialogue: Open and honest dialogue is essential for overcoming fear. If we just yell back-and-forth at each other, no one is listening. When we engage in constructive conversations with those who hold different viewpoints, we can build bridges of empathy and understanding. 
  • Critical consumption of media: The media plays a critical role in shaping public opinion. I urge you to consider the bias of the information you receive. Every piece of information has it. Just consider it. Ask yourself? What is the goal of the person writing or reporting this? 
  • Leadership: It is essential for leaders in our society to lead by example. Leaders should promote unity and cooperation, rather than division and fear-mongering. This is not as easy as it sounds. It’s actually quite difficult. You must understand that a push for unity and cooperation does not mean you sacrifice your values, integrity, or beliefs. But rather, it means that you’re willing to lead with empathy, realizing that our unique differences actually make us stronger.
  • Accountability: We must hold those elected to serve us accountable for creating meaningful change. If they’re simply fearmongering and not putting forth meaningful work to make our lives better we must demand better. Action over rhetoric.

Where Do We Go From Here?

It is time to reject fear-based politics and embrace a more constructive approach. This will not be easy, as evidenced by our troubled history of utilizing fear to create enemies amongst fellow men. But we must endeavor to wade into the troubled waters of our past to learn how to overcome such times. 

Disagreement does not make us enemies. Quite the contrary. Disagreement can be a healthy conduit to help us recognize blindspots we may not have once considered. With this enhanced vision perspective we can actively identify and solve societal concerns with each other instead of aimless bickering. 

In my heart of hearts, I believe we all want a good life for ourselves, our families, and others. We won’t solve these issues tomorrow or the next day. In all likelihood, we’ll likely never remove fear’s residency in our daily lives. But we can surely reduce it to create a more welcoming and more unified country for us all to live.

 

Weekly With Whitfield – Sankofa

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This week I chose to kick off Black History by writing about the contributions of Black male educators on student achievement. Specifically, I wrote about two of the men who helped shape the course of my life in major ways; Richard Bacon and James Johnson. Throughout the piece, and the days since, the word, sankofa, has been ringing in my head. 

The term “Sankofa” is comes from the Akan language spoken by the people of Ghana, located in West Africa. It literally means “go back and get it”, a symbol of the importance of learning from the past in order to move forward. In African culture, Sankofa is a reminder that the wisdom and experiences of our ancestors are valuable and should be remembered, respected, and learned from. 

Sankofa is represented by a bird with its head turned backwards and an egg in its beak. The bird is flying forward but with its head facing backwards, representing the idea that one must look back in order to move forward. The egg in the bird’s beak symbolizes the importance of preserving the knowledge and wisdom of the past for future generations. 

Reflection

As I reflect on my journey to become an educator, I’m forever grateful for those who came before me. Those who dared to peak back into a very tumultuous past to carry forward the lessons and legacies of those who came before them. Truly, we ride on the shoulders of giants, both in the past and present. 

As of late, there’s been much talk about the teaching of our nation’s history. Those who choose “go back and get it” meet heavy opposition. Some have attacked teaching history through the lens of truth, “CRT”. Others have claimed that those who dare mention the ills of our history, and the systemic realities that persist due to these ills, as being “unpatriotic” or instilling “hate for our country”. 

These accusations couldn’t be further from the truth. Actually, quite the contrary. That fact people who’ve been historically excluded from the American experiment continue to believe in the ideals of our nation speaks loudly to their unyielding patriotism. We simply leverage our demands of liberty, justice, and equality for all by embracing sankofa, going back to get it, pressing our great nation to live out what it promised on paper. 

Not just for Black people. Not just for White people. But for ALL PEOPLE!

Going Back To Get It

We must remember that what we face is not new. We should always anticipate, and prepare for, backlash in the wake of progress. As James Baldwin said:

…you must understand that in the attempt to correct so many generations of bad faith and cruelty, when it is operating not only in the classroom but in society, you will meet the most fantastic, the most brutal, and the most determined resistance. There is no point in pretending that this won’t happen.

These efforts to write a revisionist history of our nation have been with us. 

United Daughters of The Confederacy

After the South’s massive defeat in the Civil War, a massive resistance swelled. The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) was established in 1894. In the decades following the war, the UDC played a significant role in shaping the nation’s cultural and historical memory of the Confederacy and the Civil War. 

One of the primary ways the UDC sought to achieve their goals was by forming textbook committees. These committees were established to review and influence the content of textbooks used in American schools, with the goal of reframing the Civil War as a “noble cause” and portraying the Confederacy and its leaders in a more positive light. Their textbook committees were highly successful in achieving their goals. 

By portraying the Confederacy as a noble cause and its leaders as heroic, they helped to perpetuate the myth of the “Lost Cause” and minimized the central role of slavery in causing the war. Instead, they leaned on “states rights”. This revisionist history helped to justify segregation and the continued oppression of African Americans in the South, and served as a rallying point for those who sought to maintain the status quo.

But as we practice sankofa we can decipher this coded language. In actuality, it was “states rights to own humans and treat them like animals”. 

Brown v. Board of Education

In the wake of the landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education ruling, White families from inner cities fled to suburban areas. While not exclusively the case, often it was in response to the racial integration of schools that would follow. The ruling declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, prompting the desegregation of schools across the country. However, the implementation of desegregation was found resistance from many White families who feared the integration of Black students into their schools.

The impact of White flight on Black teachers and principals was profound. Many Black educators were passed over for promotions, demoted, or even fired, simply because of their race. This created a vicious cycle, as the loss of Black teachers and principals further eroded the quality of education in urban schools, causing even more white families to leave.

White flights impact on Black educators was further compounded by the systemic racism and discrimination they faced in their daily lives. For example, many black teachers were paid less than their white counterparts (even though many were more qualified). Additionally, they were given fewer resources to work with, making it more difficult to provide quality education to their students.

The loss of Black educators, and the hostile work environments they endured, perpetuated the systemic racism and discrimination that existed in education and in society as a whole. We understand that we didn’t just arrive at this underrepresentation of Black educators by accident – it’s historical. And only when we understand, acknowledge, and address these deep systemic roots can we begin to build a robust Black educator pipeline.

Sankofa

We have come so far as a people in the United States. We, Americans, have so much to be grateful for and proud of. But we must always remember to “go back and get it”. This is how we create a more perfect, just, and inclusive nation for us all. We are a work in progress, and that’s ok. Our ability to acknowledge, embrace, flex, and grow has afforded us opportunities to overcome some very dark days.

And we must be prepare for the dark days that lay ahead. As for every moment of progress in our country, there has always been backlash. My hope for us is that we continue to lean on the wisdom and experiences of our ancestors. They are valuable and afford us a blueprint to remember, respect, and learn from.